Fanconi Syndrome in Dogs
Fanconi综合征是由肾脏，钠，钾，葡萄糖，磷酸盐，碳酸氢盐和氨基酸从肾脏的缺陷运输引起的异常集合；管状的重吸收受损，从管状液中除去溶质和水并输入血液的过程导致这些溶质过度排泄。
Approximately 75 percent of the reported cases have occurred in the Basenji breed; estimates of the prevalence within the Basenji breed in North America range from 10–30 percent. It is presumed to be an inherited trait in this breed, but the mode of inheritance is unknown.
Idiopathic (unknown cause) Fanconi syndrome has been reported sporadically in several different breeds, including border terriers, Norwegian elkhounds, whippets, Yorkshire terriers, Labrador retrievers, Shetland sheepdogs, and mixed-breed dogs. Age at diagnosis ranges from 10 weeks to 11 years, with most affected dogs developing clinical signs from about two to four years. There is no gender predilection.
Symptoms and Types
症状取决于特定溶质损失的严重程度以及肾衰竭是否发展。
- Excessive urination (polyuria)
- Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
- Reduced appetite
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Poor body condition
- Reduced and/or abnormal growth (rickets) in young, growing animals
Causes
- Inherited in most cases, particularly in Basenjis
- Acquired Fanconi syndrome has been reported in dogs treated with gentamicin (antibiotic), streptozotocin (chemical used to treat cancer), and amoxicillin (antibiotic)
- Also reported secondary to primary hypoparathyroidism (underactive parathyroid glands)
Diagnosis
Your veterinarian will conduct a complete blood profile, including a chemical blood profile, a complete blood count, and a urinalysis to test levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate, and amino acids. An analysis of blood gases will also probably be used to determine whether the kidneys are functioning normally with regards to absorption. You will need to give a thorough history of your pet's health, and onset of symptoms.
Prevention
Avoid drugs that are nephrotoxic (toxic to the kidney), or have the potential to cause Fanconi syndrome (see causes).
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治疗
停止任何可能导致获得范科尼综合征的药物，或治疗特定的中毒。没有治疗方法可以扭转遗传性或特发性疾病的狗的运输缺陷。由于动物之间运输缺陷的数量和严重程度有明显变化，因此必须个性化钾缺乏症的治疗，肾脏衰竭或rick的酸过多。年轻的生长狗可能需要维生素D和/或钙和磷补充。
Living and Management
Your veterinarian will want to monitor your dog's serum biochemistry at 10 to 14-day intervals to assess the effect of treatment and any change in parameters. Because bicarbonate therapy may aggravate renal potassium loss, your doctor will want to monitor serum potassium concentration regularly; once stable, serum chemistry can be checked at two to four month intervals. The course of the disease varies. Some dogs will remain stable for years, while others will develop rapidly progressive renal failure over a few months. When this disease is fatal, the cause of death is usually acute renal failure, often associated with severe metabolic acidosis. Some dogs (18 percent in one study) develop seizures or other neurologic dysfunction (clumsiness, dementia, or central blindness) several years after diagnosis. The cause of these symptoms is unknown.
